中国积极老龄化发展水平测度——基于东中西部地区和28个省市的数据研究

The Evaluation of Active Aging Development in China——Based on Regional and Provincial Data

积极老龄化指数作为一种能够有效量化积极老龄化发展水平的复合指数引起国内外的广泛关注。本文利用CHARLS和CGSS数据库,借鉴欧盟积极老龄化测度框架,利用AHP与DEA相结合的方法设计中国积极老龄化指数,测度中国三大区域及28个省份的积极老龄化指数,研究区域、城乡、省份、性别等层次的积极老龄化发展水平。结果显示中国区域积极老龄化发展不平衡,呈现出东高西低的态势;城乡积极老龄化水平差异明显,男性水平总体高于女性而且差距随着年龄的增长逐渐被拉大。基于不同区域和省份的发展特色,应采取有针对性的积极老龄化发展对策:东部地区应促进老龄人口全方位的社会参与,丰富老年人的物质和精神生活;中部地区应整合区域资源,满足老龄人口就业需求并提高其潜能;西部地区应关注老龄人口的生存条件,完善社会支持体系,发展社区养老服务。同时努力缩小老龄人口就业性别差距,关注高龄女性的健康和经济状况;全方位提高农村积极老龄化水平和农村高龄群体的生活保障水平。

The active aging index,as a composite index that can effectively quantify the level of active aging,has attracted widespread attention at home and abroad. Drawing on the experience of the active aging measurement framework of EU,this paper uses CHARLS and CGSS database and introduces AHP and DEA research methods to design China’s active aging index,then weights the level of active aging development at the rural,provincial and gender levels. The results reveal that the development of active aging in China is uneven,showing a trend of“high in the east and low in the west”;the level of active aging in urban and rural areas is significantly different,male active aging level is higher than that of women,and the gap is gradually widened with age. Based on the different development characteristics of different regions and provinces,targeted active aging development strategies should be adopted:the eastern region should promote the full-scale social participation of the aging population and enrich the material and spiritual life of the elderly;the central region should integrate regional resources to meet the employment needs of the elderly and increase their potential;the western region should pay more attention to the living conditions of the elderly population,improve the social support system,and develop community care services. At the same time,efforts should be made to reduce the gender gap in employment and to improve health and economic status of older women,improve living security in rural areas;in addition,China should comprehensively raise the level of active aging in rural areas,especially the living security of elderly people.