被害人同意理论在医事领域刑事违法行为认定中的适用

The Application of the Doctrine of the Victim's Consent in Determining Criminal Violation in Medical Field

在现代医患关系中,患者的自主决定权与知情同意权受到重视。在刑法上,患者同意属于被害人同意理论在医疗领域的具体适用。刑法在多大程度上重视患者同意,不仅关系到医疗行为是否构成正当的业务行为,而且关系到专断医疗是否具有刑事违法性。在刑法上,患者的自主原则可以作为医疗行为的正当化事由;在医学上,患者的自主原则不能取代医生行善原则成为最高的医学准贝1则。明确违反了损害原则、父权主义保护规范和公法强制规范的患者同意在原则上无效;在无法取得患者同意的情况下,强制治疗、紧急治疗和专断治疗等保护了患者最大利益的治疗行为不具有刑事违法性;在非法行医案件中,即使行为人在非法行医时得到了患者同意,也不能阻却其犯罪的成立。

In modern doctor-patient relationships,the patient's right of self-determination and informed-consent are valued. In criminal law,the patient's informed consent is related to the concrete application of the doctrine of the victim's consent in the medical field. The fact that to what extent the criminal law values the importance of the patient's informed-consent determines not only whether a medical behavior constitutes due occupational conduct,but also whether an arbitrary medical conduct is criminally punishable. In the Criminal Law,the patient's self-determination could serve as a justification for medical conduct;but in the medical area,the patient's self-determination could not replace the principle of beneficence to be the highest medical standard. The patient's consent will be considered invalid if it violates the Harm Principle,a regulation protecting patriarchalism or a mandatory norm in public law. Under circumstances of being unable to obtain a patient's consent,the compulsory treatment,emergency treatment or arbitrary treatment are not criminal violations if such treatment protects the best interest of the patient. In cases on the crime of illegal medical practice,even if the perpetrator has obtained the patient's consent when he conducts such illegal medical practice,he cannot be exempt from being guilty.