南极中山站海冰综合观测系统的建设

Construction of integrated sea ice observation system at Antarctic Zhongshan Station

利用我国南极中山站的越冬观测平台,国家海洋环境预报中心自2010年起,在中山站附近海域选取固定海冰观测点,陆续布放各种自动化观测设备,初步建立海冰综合观测系统,开展常规气象要素、辐射、涡动通量、积雪和海冰温度、厚度、海水温盐等多要素的业务化观测。目前每年度的现场观测始于南半球初冬,即3—4月份,持续时间一般为8—10个月,自动观测要素的采样频率一般为1 min,人工观测要素的采样频率一般为7 d。结果表明:获取的高精度、长时间序列的现场数据可以广泛应用于我国的南极海冰数值预报和雪龙船海冰服务保障等工作中,初步解决了极地海冰预报保障对现场海冰观测数据的迫切需求。

To solve the urgent need of field sea ice observations for polar forecast and service, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center have set up a sea ice observation site near Antarctic Zhongshan Station, deployed different kinds of automatic devices, and built up the integrated sea ice observation system since 2010. The operational system includes observations of normal meteorological parameters, radiation, heat flux, snow and ice temperature, thickness, sea water temperature and salinity. The observation starts from March or April every year and lasts for eight to ten months. The frequency of automatic and manual observations were 1 minute and 7 days, respectively. The valuable data collected from the system have been used in Antarctic sea ice numerical forecast and service to icebreaker Xuelong.