外引西南玉米种质材料鉴定与评价

Identification and evaluation of maize germplasm materials introducing from southwest

【目的】筛选出优异种质材料,为广西玉米种质创新、利用提供参考。【方法】对从云南、贵州、四川引进的33份种质材料进行比较鉴定、综合评价、农艺性状与产量相关分析;试验设4行区,小区面积11. 2m2,2次重复,人工播种,单株留苗。【结果】秃尖变异系数最大,为73. 7%,表明一些供试种质材料适应性差,受精不良;单株产量、百粒重、穗粒数、茎粗、穗位高、穗粗、穗长变异系数较大,分别为42. 8%、32. 8%、29. 9%、20. 7%、19. 4%、18. 9%、18. 3%,表明供试材料具有丰富的遗传多样性,大穗大粒种质丰富、茎秆粗壮、但穗位普遍较高。株高变异系数最小,但均值较大(为229. 3cm),表明供试材料植株总体较高。相关分析表明:17-1、17-3、17-7、17-9、17-21综合性状表现突出,是较优良的材料,可作为组配亲本直接利用,也可作为育种种质资源。【结论】试验筛选出大穗丰产种质5份、大粒丰产种质4份、矮秆丰产种质2份,筛选出产量较高、综合农艺性状较好的优异种质材料5份,其中云南材料4份,表现较突出。

【Objective】Excellent germplasm materials were selected to provide reference for the innovation and utilization of maize germplasm in Guangxi.【Method】The experiment on the 33 germplasm materials introduced from provinces of Yunnan,Guizhou and Sichuan,application of comparative identification,comprehensive evaluation,agronomic traits and yield correlation analysis.The tests were conducted and set 4 line area,residential area 11.2m^2,repeat twice,artificial planting,plant seedlings.【Result】Bald tip variation coefficient is the largest,at 73.7%,which showed the disadvantage adaptability and poor fertilization of some experimental germplasm materials;The follows data of variation coefficient released slightly large:yield per plant,hundred grain weight,spike grain number,stem diameter,ear height,spike,spike length,which were 42.8%,32.8%,29.9%,20.7%,19.4%,18.9%,18.3%respectively,show that the selected material has abundant genetic diversity,rich grain germplasm,stronger,but the panicle position is generally higher.Plant height coefficient of variation of the youngest,but mean bigger(229.3cm).Correlation analysis showed that:17-1,17-3,17-7,17-9,17-21 comprehensive characteristic,is a good material,can be used as equipping parents direct use,also can be used as breeding germplasm resources.【Conclusion】The tests screen out the results as follows:five copies of big rich germplasm,4 copies of large productive germplasm,2 copies of dwarf stalks yield abundant germplasm,and select out 5 copies of high yield and excellent comprehensive agronomic character germplasm materials(including 4 copies of Yunnan material),the performance is more prominent.