氮肥不同施用方式对稻麦轮作体系作物产量及其产量构成的影响

Effects of different fertilizing methods on grain yield and its components in rice-wheat rotation system

【目的】研究探索不同的基肥-追肥处理组合对稻麦轮作体系中作物产量及产量构成、氮肥偏生产力的影响,为高效农业和农业可持续发展的实现提供理论支撑。【方法】稻季基肥深施、追肥水施处理为G1,基肥深施、追肥湿施为G2,基肥面施、追肥水施为G3,基肥面施、追肥湿施为G4;麦季,基肥采用深施和面施两种方式,追肥全为面施,两种处理命名为G1、G2。以不施用氮肥作为对照处理。【结果】同等条件下,基肥深施的增产效果大于基肥面施,且达极显著水平,稻季作物产量和氮肥偏生产力以G2处理时最高,表现为G2>G1>G4>G3>CK;麦季以G1处理更优。基肥深施能明显提高氮肥偏生产力,水稻对氮肥的偏生产力为35. 4%-37. 3%,小麦的氮肥偏生产力较低,基肥深施和基肥面施处理分别为22. 2%、21. 8%,【结论】基肥深施、追肥湿施对作物具有最佳增产效果,提高氮肥利用率。

【Objective】To explore the effects of different combination treatment of base fertilizer and top dressing on the yield and its components,partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen in rice-wheat rotation system.【Method】Mark N deep placement of base fertilizer and water fertilizing of top dressing as G1,N deep placement of base fertilizer and wet fertilizing of top dressing as G2,N broadcast application of base fertilizer and water fertilizing of top dressing as G3,and N broadcast application of base fertilizer and wet fertilizing of top dressing as G4 in rice season.In wheat season,base fertilizer was applied into the field by means of deep placement and broadcast application,with top dressing by broadcast application,namely,G1 and G2 respectively.No N application was taken as control.All the treatments were studied to investigate their effects on the grain yield and its components.【Results】Under the same conditions,the effect of deep application of base fertilizer on increasing yield was greater than that of surface application of base fertilizer and reached an extremely significant level.The yield and nitrogen partial productivity of rice season was highest when treated with G2,presenting as G2>G1>G4>G3>CK.The wheat season is better treated with G1.Deep application of base fertilizer can significantly improve the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer;the partial productivity of rice on nitrogen fertilizer is from35.4%to 37.3%;the partial productivity of wheat on nitrogen fertilizer is relatively low;the deep placement of base fertilizer and broadcast application of base fertilizer are 22.2%and 21.8%respectively.【Conclusion】Treatment of N deep placement of base fertilizer and wet fertilizer of top dressing would greatly increase the grain yield and the nitrogen utilization efficiency.