青岛市农村区域妊娠期糖尿病患病及相关因素分析

Analysis of the Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Related Factors in Rural Areas of Qingdao

目的探讨青岛市农村区域孕产妇妊娠期糖尿病患病情况以及围产结局,以指导临床早期干预及治疗妊娠期糖尿病,减少母婴并发症。方法整群选取2017年12月—2018年6月青岛辖区平度市妇幼保健院和平度市人民医院分娩的农村户口孕产妇1 319例,孕妇24～28周,行75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)任意一点血糖异常即诊断为妊娠糖尿病(GDM)。其中妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的孕妇400例,作为GDM组;正常妊娠孕妇919名,将其作为对照组,观察并比较两组孕妇的妊娠和围产结局情况。结果青岛市平度地区农村GDM患病率为30.33%(400/1319),而且随孕妇年龄增高发病率逐渐增高(χ2=20.847,P<0.01);GDM产后出血发生率明显高于对照组(χ2=19.445,P<0.05)。GDM的巨大儿发生率也有增高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=2.809,P>0.05)。结论青岛市农村地区GDM患病率较高,GDM对于母婴的危害较大。对于农村地区妊娠期糖尿病应引起足够的重视,做到早发现,早诊断,早干预更有利于维护母婴健康。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and the perinatal outcome in rural areas of Qingdao,in order to guide early clinical intervention and treatment of gestational diabetes,and to reduce maternal and child complications.Methods A total of 1319 rural maternity pregnant women who gave birth to Pingdu City Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Heping City People's Hospital in Qingdao from December 2017 to June 2018,and 24-28 weeks pregnant women who underwent 75 g glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were cluster randomly selected.That is diagnosed as gestational diabetes (GDM).Among them,400 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were treated as GDM group and 919 normal pregnant women were used as control group.The pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of the two groups of pregnant women were observed and compared.Results The prevalence rate of rural GDM in Pingdu area of Qingdao was 30.33%(400/1 319),and the incidence increased with the increase of maternal age(χ^2=20.847,P<0.01);the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in GDM was significantly higher than that in the control group(χ^2=19.445,P<0.05).The incidence of GDM was also increased,the difference was not statistically significant(χ^2=2.809,P>0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of GDM in rural areas of Qingdao is high,and GDM is more harmful to mothers and infants.For pregnant women with gestational diabetes in rural areas should pay enough attention to early detection,early diagnosis,early intervention is more conducive to the maintenance of maternal and child health.