基于视觉信息变化率的沙漠草原公路线形安全评价

Highway Alignment Safety Assessment in Desert Steppe Region Based on Visual Information Change Rate

相关研究表明,驾驶员在驾驶操作过程中,80%[1]以上的信息来自于视觉。因此,驾驶员在行驶过程中的视觉信息可接受能力在一定程度上可用来评价公路线形的安全性。提出视觉信息变化率的概念,基于三维运动学的相关原理,建立公路平面、纵断面和平纵组合等条件下的公路线形视觉信息变化率模型,并对比典型沙漠草原公路——京藏高速公路部分路段的交通事故数据,定性分析公路线形的视觉信息变化率与交通事故的相关性。研究表明,车速和曲线半径是决定线形视觉信息变化率大小的关键指标,同时,公路线形的信息变化率在一定程度上能揭示交通事故的发生原因。

Studies indicated that in the process of driving more than 80% of a driver’s information is visual information.Therefore,the visual information acceptability for drivers is helpful to evaluate the safety of highway alignment.Starting from the fact that drivers need to receive road information while driving,this paper put forward the change rate of highway alignment information and established the change rate models of highway information in horizontal,longitudinal and combined sections based on theories of three-dimensional kinematics.Finally,in combination with the data of traffic accidents on some sections of Beijing-Tibet Expressway,this paper analyzed the correlation between the change rate of highway alignment information and traffic accidents.On this basis,indoor and outdoor experiments were conducted on the driver's visual characteristics to determine the visual search mode of the driver in the process of driving.The study shows that the driving velocity and the curve radius determines the magnitude of the information change rate and that to some degree the change rate of highway alignment information can reflect the cause of traffic accidents.