福建小三线建设企业布局及其特点刍议

A Probe into the Layout and Characteristics of Enterprises in Small Third Front Construction in Fujian Province

福建小三线建设是国家小三线建设的重要组成部分。由于福建与台湾隔海相望,在军事上长期处于战备状态,与其他省份小三线相比,在企业布局上有其特殊性。福建小三线建设企业可分为军工和民用两类,其中军工企业是福建小三线建设的重点。在建设方式上,军工企业以新建、迁建为主,民用企业以迁建为主。基于福建地形地貌、工业基础以及当时的政治和军事等因素,福建小三线建设企业呈集中分布于闽西北地区、以南平和三明两市为核心、以交通便利和自然资源丰富为导向、沿河谷分布等特征。小三线建设改善了福建经济区域分布不平衡的状况,充实了经济门类,推动了经济发展,在福建经济建设史上具有重要的意义,为改革开放新时期福建经济建设的发展奠定了基础。

Fujian’s small third front construction was an important part of the national small third front construction. Because Fujian and Taiwan were separated by the sea and they were in a long-term military readiness state, compared with other provinces, Fujian had its own particularity in the layout of enterprises. Fujian’s small third front construction enterprises could be divided into two categories: military and civil, in which military enterprises were the focus of Fujian’s small third front construction. In terms of construction methods, military enterprises were mainly newly-built and relocated, while civil enterprises were mainly relocated. Based on Fujian’s topography, industrial base and political and military factors at that time, Fujian small third front construction enterprises were concentrated in Northwest Fujian, with Nanping and Sanming as the cores, showed convenient transportation and abundant natural resources as the orientation and distributed along the river valley. The small third front construction had improved the unbalanced regional distributions of Fujian’s economy, enriched its economic categories and promoted its economic development. It was of great significance in the history of Fujian’s economic construction and laid a foundation for the development of Fujian’s economic construction in the new period of reform and opening-up.