虔敬派与近代普鲁士教育制度的建立

Pietists and Development of Education in Modern Prussia

随着宗教改革的深入,从注重经典转向个人体验的虔敬主义成为了德国17世纪后期的重要思潮,并在普鲁士政府的支持下得以快速发展。近代普鲁士两次重要义务教育法案的颁布,都是虔敬派所积极推动的结果。其所从事的免费公共教育活动以及学术自由的精神,都有力地推动了普鲁士义务教育的发展以及现代教育制度的形成。德国虔敬派的教育思想及其活动,在西方教育从宗教化向世俗化乃至国家化的转变过程中具有重要的历史地位。

The Pietism,well-accepted by the Prussian regime,became an important trend in Germany in the late 17th century with the deepening of the religious reform,which advocated the personal experience but not the Bible reading.It successfully promoted compulsory education acts in modern Prussia,thus advancing Prussia’s development of compulsory education and formation of modern education system that emphasized free public education and academic spirit.The Pietists’ educational thought and its activities played an important historic role in shifting to secularization,and even to nationalization,from religion in the Prussian and western education.