高州油茶花粉形态及其贮藏特征

Pollen Characteristics of Camellia gauchowensis Chang

[目的]探究高州油茶花粉特征。[方法]通过纤维素酶法、扫描电镜法、养分测定、TTC染色法等方法对花粉数量、花粉形态、花粉养分含量及花粉贮藏特征进行研究。[结果]表明:(1)单枚花药的花粉量平均为2 699粒,单花花粉数平均为461 186粒;(2)高州油茶花粉大小属中等水平,极轴长44.66～54.08μm,赤道轴长27.38～34.29μm,呈长球形,赤道面观为长椭圆形,极面观为三裂圆形,花粉萌发孔在正常状态下为三(拟)孔沟型;(3)高州油茶花粉养分中全N、全P、全K、全Ca、全Mg、全Zn和全B的含量分别为58.72、7.73、8.65、1.94、1.22 g·kg^(-1)和135.93、2.73 mg·kg^(-1),全N、全P、全K、全Ca的含量与‘岑软2号’的差异不明显,全Zn和全B含量与‘岑软2号’的差异明显;(4)低温、干燥条件有利于高州油茶花粉的贮藏,4℃干燥贮藏60 d后花粉生活力保持在80%以上,-20℃干燥、-80℃干燥贮藏360 d后花粉生活力仍在30%以上。

[Objective] To explore the pollen characteristics of Camellia gauchowensis Chang.[Method] The methods of cellulase, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), nutrient determination and TTC staining were adopted to study the pollen quantity, pollen morphology, pollen nutrient content and storage characteristics.[Result] The results are as follows:(1) The average number of the pollen of single anther was 2 699, and the average number of pollen of single flower was 461 186.(2) The pollen size of C. gauchowensis was medium, the polar axis length was of 44.66-54.08μm, and the equatorial axis length was of 27.38-34.29 μm. The shape of pollen was long spherical, long oval in equatorial view and three lobed circular in polar view, the pollen was tricolporate grains in normal state.(3) The contents of total N, P, K, Ca, Mg in pollen were 58.72, 7.73, 8.65, 1.94, and 1.22 g·kg^-1 , there was little difference with C. oleifera ‘CenRuan 2’. The contents of total Zn and B were 135.93 mg·kg^-1 and 2.73 mg·kg^-1 , significantly different from C. oleifera ‘CenRuan 2’.(4) Low temperature and dry conditions were favorable to the storage of C. gauchowensis pollen. Pollen viability remained over 80% after 60 days’storage under the condition of 4℃, and over 30% after 360 days' storage under the conditions of -20℃, and -80℃.