自我所有权的问题与启示——评G.A.科恩对马克思主义自我所有权的批判

The Problem of Self-Ownership and Its Enlightenment

科恩认为,马克思主义对资本主义剥削的批判建立在自我所有权的基础上,这就与自由意志主义立足于共同的理论基础,从而很难将其驳倒。但是,科恩对马克思主义自我所有权的批判是对马克思主义的误读,他既未对自我所有权作形式与实质的区分,也未作抽象与历史的区分,显然有违历史唯物主义的基本立场。马克思不仅反对自我所有权,而且反对自我所有本身,也没有把启蒙主义的自我所有权作为确定无疑的理论出发点对资本主义剥削展开道德批判,而是超越了启蒙主义的所有权理论,对资本主义进行历史分析与现实批判。尽管科恩对马克思主义自我所有权问题的指责是曲解误读,但科恩提出的与自我所有权相关的理论与现实问题值得我们思考。

Cohen believed that Marxist criticism of capitalist exploitation was based on self-ownership,which was difficult to refute since it shared with libertarianism the same theories. However,Cohen’s critique of Marxist self-ownership is a misreading of Marxism,which had neither the distinction between the form and substance of self ownership nor the distinction between the abstract and the history,apparently contrary to the basic standpoint of historical materialism. Marx not only opposed self-ownership,but also opposed self-owning,and he did not take the enlightenment of self ownership as a definite theoretical point of departure for the moral criticism of capitalist exploitation,but rather transcended the theory of the ownership of enlightenment,and carried out historical analysis and realistic criticism of capitalism. Although Cohen’s accusation of the question of Marx’s self ownership is misread,Cohen’s theoretical and practical problems related to self-ownership deserve our thinking.