重金属污染土壤修复技术研究进展

Research progress on remediation technology of heavy metal contaminated soil

随着工业的不断发展,土壤重金属污染形势严峻,不仅会破坏生态系统,还会危及人们生命健康,故对重金属污染的土壤进行有效修复具有实践意义。介绍了近年来重金属污染土壤修复技术特点,包括生物修复技术(动物修复技术、植物修复技术、微生物修复技术)、化学修复技术、物理修复技术(电修复、玻璃化技术、热修复法、换土法)、组合修复技术(植物-微生物联合修复技术、骨炭-沸石联合修复技术、生物电化学修复技术),并比较了主要修复技术的特点及适用范围。提出发展生物与其他修复方法联合技术将成为重金属土壤修复技术的新趋势,如何使修复后的土壤重新具有使用价值是目前有待解决的问题。

With the continuous development of industry,the situation of heavy metal pollution in soil is very serious,which will not only damage the ecosystem,but also endanger people's life and health.Therefore,it is practical to effectively repair the soil contaminated by heavy metals.The characteristics of heavy metal contaminated soil remediation technology in recent years were introduced,including bioremediation technology(animal restoration technology,phytoremediation technology,microbial remediation technology),chemical remediation technology,physical remediation technology(electricity repair,vitrification technology,heat repair method,exchange soil method),combined repair technology(plant-microbial combined repair technology,bone charcoal-zeolite combined repair technology,bioelectrochemical repair technology),and the characteristics and application scope of the main repair technologies were compared.It was proposed that the development of combined technology of biological and other restoration methods will become a new trend of heavy metal soil remediation technology and how to make the restored soil re-use value is a problem to be solved.