十九世纪现实主义“写实”传统及其当代价值

The Realist Tradition of 19th Century Realism and its Contemporary Value

19世纪西方现实主义文学思潮的"写实"精神与传统"摹仿说"、"再现说"在演变中达成耦合关系,又在作为"文学思潮"之后衍生出诸多新形态,成为一种"复数"概念,且因此拥有了不断更新、延展的广阔空间和无穷生命力。19世纪现实主义文学的"写实"精神和"真实性"品格与马克思恩格斯的现实关怀深度契合,也同历史唯物主义理论紧密关联,更是马克思主义文艺思想的核心要义。这不仅是现实主义之现代性与开放性的重要表征,更是马克思主义哲学思想能够有效指导文艺批评实践的根本原因。新时代的中国需要富有写实精神和真实性品格的文学,19世纪现实主义依然是各种新形态文学创作的艺术泉源与重要参照。现实主义文学可以有效对抗当代文学实践中的反本质主义、虚无主义等倾向,使文学在文化建设、精神引领、价值担当等方面充分发挥自身效用,并因此获得永久的价值与意义。

The “realist” spirit of the literary movement of 19th century Western realism linked up with traditional theories of art as “imitation” and art as “representation” to develop into a conjoint relationship.The movement spun off a variety of new genres,becoming a plural concept.As such,it possessed constant innovation,ample room for expansion and inexhaustible vitality.The “realist” spirit and “authenticity” of 19th century Western realism accord with the practical concerns of Marx and Engel;they are closely related to the theories of historical materialism and are the central focus of Marxist literary thought.Not only do they constitute an important expression of the modernity and openness of realism,they are also the fundamental reason why Marxist philosophical thought could effectively direct the practice of literary criticism.In the new era,China needs a literature full of realist spirit and authenticity;thus 19th century realism remains a wellspring of art and an important reference for new genres of literary creation.Realist literature can resist anti-essentialist and nihilist tendencies and help literature influence cultural construction,spiritual guidance and assumption of values,thus acquiring lasting value and significance.