中国考古学研究的范式与范式变迁

Paradigms and Paradigm Shift in Chinas Archaeological Research

目前学科内外对中国考古学的发展状况缺乏理论化的系统把握,经过修正的范式与范式变迁的概念可以作为了解它的工具。尽管中国考古学在范式形成之前存在一些约束因素,但经过数十年的发展已形成数个类似范式的研究形态。在这些形态中,从新石器—原史考古中兴起的文化历史考古范式达到了比较成熟的程度。这一范式对考古学的另外两个分支旧石器—古人类考古、古典—历史考古领域产生了显著的约束。从学科内外关联的角度以及与西方考古学的范式变迁比较可以发现,中国考古学的范式变迁中存在着一些外在但关键的约束,限制了考古学理论的扩展。如果能够加强理论建设,中国考古学研究还有可能形成若干真正的范式。

At present,neither those within the discipline nor those outside it have a systematic theoretical grasp of the state of development of Chinese archaeology.A tool to achieve this could be a revised paradigm and the concept of paradigm shift.Although there were some constraints prior to paradigm formation,several decades of development have seen the formation of a number of paradigm-like models,among which the cultural-historical model on the basis of the Neolithic-protohistorical archaeology is the most mature.This model is a significant constraint on two other branches of archaeology,the Paleolithic-paleoanthropological and the Classical-historical.From the perspective of connection within and without the discipline and through a comparison with the paradigm shift in Western archaeology,we can see some external but critical constraints in Chinese archaeology which limit its theoretical expansion.If we strengthen the construction of theory,Chinese archaeology may yet develop a number of genuine paradigms.