聚丙烯/三聚氰胺泡沫高吸油韧性材料

Oil Superabsorbent Flexible Materials Based on Polypropylene/Melamine Foam

采用聚丙烯甲苯溶液对三聚氰胺泡沫进行浸渍处理得到改性三聚氰胺泡沫材料。傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜分析表明,聚丙烯成功包覆在三聚氰胺泡沫骨架表面,形成了微纳级凹凸结构。改性泡沫表现出吸油拒水的特点,水接触角均在130°以上。改性泡沫材料吸收柴油和多种溶剂的量在45～98 g/g之间,重复吸油100次后的吸油能力保持率在93%以上,表明该材料具有高吸油效率及可重复使用性。拉伸测试表明改性泡沫相对于未改性泡沫的韧性得到提高。该方法工艺简单,原料成本低,容易工业化,为高吸油韧性吸附剂的制备以解决油污染问题提供了一种新的途径。

Commercially available melamine foam (MF) was dipped in polypropylene (PP)/toluene solution with the concentration of 1% and 2% under refluxing to prepare modified foams with designation of PMF-1 and PMF-2. Fourier transforming infrared spectrum (FT-IR) demonstrates that PP is coated on PMF-1 and PMF-2, respectively. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization proves that PP is successfully coated on the surface of skeleton in PMF-1 to form convex-concave surface architectures with micro-nano scale. Both PMF-1 and PMF-2 show a high hydrophobicity with the water contact angel of 133° and 138°. PMF-1 exhibits higher oil absorption capacity due to higher porosity. The absorption capacity of PMF-1 for diesel and various solvents including butanol, DMF, toluene and chloroform is in the range of 45.1~98.8 g/g. The absorption capacity retention for all the testing oil and solvent keeps above 93% after 100 cycles of absorption-squeezing. This results demonstrate that the modified foam has a superior recyclability. Moreover, the mechanical testing reveals that the tensile strain at break is improved from 9.4%±1.5% to 17.7%±5.5%. This method is facile with low cost and easily to be scaled-up, and so provides a new approach to prepare oil superabsorbent flexible materials to address oil spill pollution.