贵州南部及西南部典型洞穴鱼类物种多样性研究

Dwell-cave fish diversity in South and Southwest Guizhou

对贵州南部及西南部地区11个县(市)的地下河进行野外调查工作,共采集到典型洞穴鱼类标本488尾。通过形态学和分子系统发育学方法对采集标本进行物种鉴定及分析,结合实验室馆藏标本的检视,共确定典型洞穴鱼类34种,其中:金线鲃属(Sinocyclocheilus)有20种;高原鳅属(Triplophysa)有8种;岭鳅属(Oreonectes)有5种;副鳅属(Paracobitis)有1种。发现待定种13种,其中:金线鲃属7种,高原鳅属5种,岭鳅属1种。利用辛普森多样性指数对贵州省南部和西南部物种多样性分析结果表明,贵州南部地区为0. 825 8,高于西南部地区的0. 570 8。根据线粒体基因测序结果及Gen Bank下载的线粒体基因序列,基于线粒体基因ND4、ND5和Cytb,使用最大似然法(ML)和贝叶斯法(BI)构建系统发育树对发现物种进行分析,结果显示:长须盲高原鳅(Triplophysa longibarbatus)和佳荣盲高原鳅(Triplophysa jiarongensis)应为岭鳅属物种,建议变更为长须岭鳅(Oreonectes longibarbatus)和佳荣岭鳅(Oreonectes jiarongensis);长江流域及珠江流域的洞穴型高原鳅单独聚为1支,与非洞穴型高原鳅具有不同的演化方向,贵州采集的高原鳅属鱼类均为洞穴类群;贵州的金线鲃分属于3个不同种组,分别为"驼背"组、"角"组和"抚仙"组。

In the study,we surveyed 11 Counties in South and Southwest of Guizhou,collected approximately 488 specimens.The specimens are identified and analyzed by morphological and molecular phylogenetic methods,total of 34 kinds of typical cave fish were identified.Among of them 20 species belong to Sinocyclocheilus,eight species belong to Triplophysa,five species belong to Oreonectes,one species belong to Paracobitis.Thirteen species cannot be determined,of which 7 species belong to Sinocyclocheilus,5 species belong to Triplophysa,one species belong to Oreonectes.Simpson diversity index analysis show that the South region is 0.825 8 which is higher than the Southwest region 0.570 8.Combined the mitochondrial gene sequencing results and the mitochondrial gene sequence of other species obtained from GenBank,based on mitochondrial gene ND4,ND5 and Cytb,the molecular phylogenetic tree is structured using the maximum likelihood method(ML)and the bayesian method(BI).The main results are as follows:Triplophysa longibarbatus and Triplophysa jiarongensis are clustered with Oreonectes spp..The specimens are examined and neither of genus characteristics of Triplophysa.So,we advise to change their taxonomic status as Oreonectes longibarbatus and Oreonectes jiarongensis;The cave species of Triplophysa which living in the Yangtze River and Pearl river,formed a monophyletic clade.They have the different evolutionary direction.The Triplophysa species collected in this research,are all living in the karst caves,they clustered together with the other cave species,all of which are the cave-type species of Triplophysa;Sinocyclocheilus species divided into four branches,belong to three groups,the cyphotergous group,the angularis group and the tingi group.