体育赛事直播节目定性对侵权判定及损害赔偿数额的影响

Influence of the Qualitative Analysis of the Sports Events Live Programs on the Infringement Judgment and the Damages Compensation

如何保护体育赛事直播节目,实践中分别出现著作权法保护方式、反不正当竞争法保护方式和侵权责任法保护方式。因为受著作权法、反不正当竞争法和侵权责任法所保护的客体享有的排他范围不同,所以对体育赛事直播节目不同的法律定性将直接影响到法院在侵权判定时标准的选择。反不正当竞争法适用范围广泛,以及独创性等抽象问题举证省却的优点,令目前多数法院选择通过反不正当竞争法保护体育赛事直播节目的传播利益。然而,反不正当竞争法保护方式也存在损害赔偿数额低、判赔比例小的问题。把体育赛事直播节目定性为受著作权法保护的知识产权,损害赔偿数额更能弥补赛事节目权利主体的经济损失。但是,即使同属于著作权法保护方式下的邻接权保护方式与著作权保护方式最终损害赔偿数额差距不大,将体育赛事直播节目定性为作品,才是适应产业未来发展的最佳选择。

Regarding how to protect sports events live programs,the Copyright Law model,the Anti-Unfair Competition Law model and the Tort Law model appear respectively in practice.Since the objects protected by the Copyright Law,the Anti-Unfair Competition Law and the Tort Law have different exclusion ranges,the different legal definitions of sports events live programs directly affect the choice of the court's judgment criteria in the infringement determination.Due to the extensive application of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law and the exemption of the testification of originality,most courts currently choose to protect the interests of sports events live programs through the Anti-Unfair Competition Law.However,the Anti-Unfair Competition Law protection model also has the problem of low damages and a small proportion of compensation.Only when the sports events live programs are characterized as intellectual property protected by Copyright Law,the amount of damages compensation can make up for the economic loss of the subject of the sports event live programs.However,even if theneighboring rights protection model and the copyright protection model have little difference in the amount damages compensation,focusing on the long-term development of the sport events industry,it is the best choice to adapt sports events live programs as works.