成人缺铁性贫血临床分析

Clinical Analysis of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Adults

目的:研究分析成人缺铁性贫血的病因、临床特点及诊治情况,为临床防治成人缺铁性贫血提供可靠参考依据。方法:选择就诊于某院的150例成人缺铁性贫血患者,对患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究分析,对成人缺铁性贫血的诊断情况、治疗及转归情况进行观察和分析。结果:在性别分布方面,成人缺铁性贫血的男女分布比例比较,女性多于男性(P<0.05);在年龄分布方面,女性贫血患者在18～29岁的分布比例最高,70～79岁次之,而男性贫血患者在70～79岁的分布比例最高。成人缺铁性贫血的病因主要为月经量过多、慢性胃炎、胃肠道溃疡、妊娠等。150例成人缺铁性贫血患者经血常规检测、骨髓铁染色、骨髓象检测确诊,血常规检测结果显示,有轻度贫血34例(22.67%)、中度贫血70例(46.67%)、重度贫血46例(30.67%);骨髓铁染色结果显示,细胞外铁阴性97例(64.67%),细胞外铁减少53例(35.33%);骨髓象检测结果显示,骨髓和细胞增生活跃81例(54.00%)。经服用铁补充剂、饮食调理、对症治疗后,贫血患者的血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白均较治疗前增高(P<0.05),其总有效率为98.00%。结论:成人缺铁性贫血多发生于女性育龄期人群中,应加强重点人群疾病的防治。

Objective:To study and analyze the etiology,clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adults,and to provide a reliable reference for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adults.Methods:From January 2015 to January 2018,150 patients with iron deficiency anemia were selected from a hospital.The clinical data of 150 patients with iron deficiency anemia were retrospectively analyzed.The diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of iron deficiency anemia in adults were observed and analyzed.Results:In terms of sex distribution,there were more females than males in the distribution of iron deficiency anemia in adults(P<0.05),and in age distribution,the highest distribution rate of female anemia patients was 18 to 29 years old,followed by 70 to 79 years old.The proportion of male anemia was highest between 70 and 79 years old.The most common causes of iron deficiency anemia in adults were excessive menstruation,chronic gastritis,gastrointestinal ulcer,pregnancy.The diagnosis of 150 adult iron deficiency anemia patients was confirmed by routine blood test,bone marrow iron staining,bone marrow image test,and blood routine examination.There were 34 cases of mild anemia,70 cases of moderate anemia and 46 cases of severe anemia.The results of bone marrow iron staining showed that extracellular iron was negative in 97 cases(64.67%)and extracellular iron was reduced in 53 cases(35.33%).After taking iron supplement,diet conditioning and symptomatic treatment,the hemoglobin,serum ferritin and transferrin of anemia patients were higher than those before treatment(P<0.05).The total effective rate was 98.00%.Conclusion:Iron deficiency anemia in adults mostly occurs in women of childbearing age.Prevention and treatment of disease in key population should be strengthened.