论朱熹的“辟佛”思想

On Zhu Xi's Thought of “Criticizing Buddhism”

唐末宋初的辟佛运动,导致两宋时期的佛教内部发生了相应的转变。这种转变,呈现出以智圆、契嵩、宗杲等大德高僧采用不同的方式浸染儒典的现象。一般认为,这种背景对朱熹早期思想的形成产生了一定的影响。关于这种判定,自然离不开北宋时期"儒与佛合"的杂糅现象。需要指明的是,这种现象最终导致了朱熹既要区分佛老与儒家的杂糅现实,又需要完成"融道佛儒"的历史使命。从这个角度上说,我们不应只将朱熹的"辟佛"简单理解为二程的"反佛",以免对其作过于狭隘的理解。因此,对朱熹辟佛思想的过程与结论需要进行重新的梳理。

The"Criticizing Buddhism"Movement in the period between the end of the Tang dynasty and the beginning of the Song dynasty,led to corresponding changes inside Buddhism during the two Song dynasties.These changes presented themselves in the form of a phenomenon where Zhiyuan,Qisong,Zonggao and other eminent monks got influenced by Confucian classics in different ways.Generally speaking,this background exerted some influence on the formation of Zhu Xi's early thoughts.Such judgment naturally can't be separated from the mixture of"Confucianism and Buddhism"in the Northern Song dynasty.What needs to be pointed out is:this phenomenon eventually led to Zhu Xi's historical mission to distinguish between Buddha and Confucianism,and to complete the integration of"Taoism,Buddhism and Confucianism".From this point of view,people are supposed not to simply take Zhu's"Criticizing Buddhism"as two Cheng's"Anti-Buddhism",so as not to make too narrow an understanding of Zhu Xi's thought of Buddhism.Therefore,the process and conclusion of Zhu Xi's thought of"Criticizing Buddhism"need to be re-combed.