比较法视野下互联网屏蔽广告行为法律性质探析

Research on the Legal Nature of Internet Blocking Advertising Behavior from the Perspective of Comparative Law

互联网屏蔽广告行为是消费者的福音,是网站经营者的噩耗,对互联网屏蔽广告行为法律性质的正确认定是对其进行法律规制的前提。在美国屏蔽广告行为受《通讯规范法案》避风港规则的豁免是合法行为,但在学界中版权侵权论,第三人干涉合同侵权论被广泛讨论;德国"经营者可期待性标准"下屏蔽广告行为具有正当性。在我国对互联网屏蔽广告行为法律性质的认定不能一概而论,应对其进行类型化处理后再对不同类型屏蔽广告行为法律性质进行判断。借鉴德国、美国以及我国法院在最新两起案件中认定屏蔽广告行为不构成不正当竞争的经验为部分屏蔽广告行为设置"责任豁免",对部分构成不正当竞争的屏蔽广告行为追究法律责任。

Internet blocking advertising behavior is a good news for consumers and a bad news for website operators.To recognize the legal nature of the behavior is the precondition of legal regulation.The Communications Decency Act provides a safe haven for advertising blocking behaviors.There are still discussions on copyright infringement and third-party tortious interference in the academic world of United States.The German court adopts the criterion of“operators’expectability”to judge the legitimacy of blocking advertising.In our country,the identification of the legal nature of Internet blocking advertising behavior cannot be generalized.We should type it and then judge the legal nature of different types of blocking advertising behavior.Drawing on the experience in Germany,America and the latest two cases of Chinese courts in which the act of blocking advertisements does not constitute unfair competition,we set up“liability exemption”for some acts of blocking advertisements,and investigate legal liability for some acts of blocking advertisements that constitute unfair competition.