余庆县强降水“三个叫应”气象服务机制分析

Analysis on meteorological service mechanism of "Three Calls" in heavy rainfall in Yuqing county

利用余庆国家气象站1981—2017年观测资料和9个区域气象站2012—2017年观测资料,统计分析强降水特征,确定余庆县"三个叫应"标准。结果表明:对于县域,1 h雨量达45 mm或2 h雨量达60 mm,可启动三级叫应;2 h雨量达70 mm或6 h雨量达100 mm,可启动二级叫应;6 h雨量达120 mm或24 h雨量达140 mm时,可启动一级叫应。对于县城,雨强达40 mm/h时,可启动三级叫应;1 h雨量达60 mm或2 h雨量达80 mm时,可启动二级叫应;1 h雨量达80 mm或2 h雨量达100 mm时,可启动一级叫应。县域内人口聚居区、地灾隐患区、中小流域区、山洪易发区、旅游景区(点)、大型施工区应列为"三个叫应"气象服务的重点区。此外,应建立中小河流叫应标准和上下游联防工作机制,延伸"三个叫应"气象服务。

by using the observational data of Yuqing national meteorological station from 1981 to 2017 and the observation data of 9 regional meteorological stations from 2012 to 2017, the characteristics of strong precipitation was analyzed and the "three calls" standard in Yuqing county was determined. The results show that: for the county, 1 h rainfall of 45 mm or 2 h rainfall of 60 mm can start three class call, 2 h rainfall of 70 mm or 6 h rainfall of 100 mm, can start two class call, 6 h rainfall of 120 mm or 24 h rainfall reaches 140 mm, can start the first class call. For the county city, when the rain intensity reaches 40 mm/h, it can start the three order call;when 1 h rainfall reaches 60 mm or 2 h rainfall reaches 80 mm, it can start class two;1 h rainfall is 80 mm or 2 h rainfall is up to 100 mm, and the first class should be called. The population settlement area in the county, the hidden danger zone, the small and medium area, the mountain flood prone area, the tourist scenic spot (point) and the large construction area should be listed as the key areas of "three calls" meteorological service. In addition, we should establish a medium and small river calling standard and upstream and downstream joint defense work mechanism to extend the "three calls" meteorological services.