神经干细胞在神经系统疾病中的研究应用进展

The progress in application of neural stem cells in neurological diseases

随着神经干细胞理论的提出,为神经系统疾病的治疗带来了很大的希望。神经干细胞(NSCs)是指自我更新、且具有分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞等多向分化潜能的细胞。当中枢神经系统受到损伤或退行性变时,内源性神经干细胞开始启动神经修复,但受到数量及微环境的影响,作用非常有限。近年,人们采用各种体外培养方法,可以获得一定数量的外源性神经干细胞,在神经干细胞移植治疗各种神经系统疾病,包括缺血性脑卒中、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病和脊髓损伤等方面做了很多动物及临床前研究。本文综述神经干细胞移植在神经系统疾病治疗中的应用。

The theory of neural stem cells has brought great hope for the treatment of neurological diseases. Neural stem cells (NSCs) refer to multipotential cells that are capable of self-renew and differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. When the central nervous system is damaged or degenerative, endogenous neural stem cells begin to initiate repair. But their effect is very limited due to their quantity and the microenvironment. In recent years, various in vitro culture methods have been used to obtain a certain quantity of exogenous neural stem cells. There are many animal and preclinical studies on neural stem cell transplantation for the treatment of various neurological diseases including ischemic stroke, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and spinal cord injury. Here the application of neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of neurological diseases was reviewed.