建国70年中国社会救助制度的发展与展望

The Development and Outlook of Social Assistance Scheme in the past 40 Years Application of the Reform and Opening-up Policy

社会救助在权利上理应面向全体社会成员,救助项目当逐步齐全,救助标准要适当适宜。改革开放以后,适应社会主义市场经济体制的建立与发展,政府坚持基本生活救助为主,分类实施整合社会力量,逐步建立起以最低生活保障为核心的新型城乡居民救助制度,并逐步拓展到五保供养、教育、医疗、住房以及临时救助,救助人数众多,救助标准不断提高,救助项目持续扩大,救助机制不断完善,社会救助取得了历史性成就。但是,适应人民群众日益增长的美好生活需要,中国社会救助事业还面临着救助项目偏向于资金救助而服务类救助略显不足,救助方式上偏向于单项救助而综合救助较为不足,社会救助的科学性不足以及实施机制不健全等问题。因此,要将传统互助文化融入现代社会救助事业,探索建立以救助对象为主的综合救助办法,建立更加科学规范的救助机制,形成城乡整合的社会救助办法,推进社会救助事业的持续发展。

Social assistance should support all social members. Assistance items should be complete gradually. Assistance standards should be appropriate. Since the application of the reform and opening-up policy, government resists on taking basic living assistance as main assistance and uniting all power of the society to establish new assistance system for urban and rural residents centered with subsistence allowances gradually to suit the establishment and development socialist market economy system. The government assistance also expands to five guarantees, education, medical treatment, housing and temporary relief. More and more people are included into social assistance scheme, assistance level is more and more high, assistance items are more and more wide, and assistance system is more and more perfect gradually. Social Assistance Scheme has realized historical achievement. However, in order to satisfy people’s ever -growing needs for a better life, China’s social assistance career exists some problem, such as assistance items prefer to finance assistance and lack of service assistance;assistance methods prefer to single assistance and lack of general assistance;social assistance is not enough scientific and implementation mechanism is not perfect. Therefore, we should put traditional mutual assistance culture into modern social assistance career to explore comprehensive assistance methods centered with assistance objects, to establish more scientific, normative assistance mechanism, to achieve combination of town and country social assistance methods and to promote the substantial development of social assistance career.