前牙即刻种植和延期种植口腔健康相关生活质量对照研究

Control study on oral health-related quality of life in immediate and delayed dental implants

目的研究前牙区即刻种植和延期种植前后口腔健康相关生活质量变化。方法 34例前牙缺失患者进行延期种植即刻修复,设为延期种植组,29例前牙需拔除患者进行即刻种植即刻修复,设为即刻种植组,在术前及术后1、6、12个月填写口腔健康影响程度量表(Oral Health Impact Profile-14,OHIP-14中文版),应用重复测量ANOVA方差分析法进行统计学分析。结果在术前,延期种植组和即刻种植组的OHIP-14指数无统计学差异,术前至术后12月期间,延期种植组患者在功能限制(P=0.029)和生理性疼痛(P=0.0001)两个维度上,相较于即刻种植组患者有更为显著的缓解,总评分方面延期种植组OHIP-14指数相较于即刻种植组下降趋势更明显。结论延期种植较即刻种植对口腔健康相关生活质量有稍好的提高效果。临床上建议即刻种植前应进行详尽的术前谈话并降低患者的心理预期。

Objective To study the changes of oral health-related quality of life(QOL) before and after immediate implantation and delayed implantation in anterior teeth. Methods 34 patients with anterior teeth missing underwent immediate restoration and delayed implantation(delayed implantation group). 29 patients needed anterior teeth extraction were given immediate restoration and immediate implantation(immediate implantation group). Oral Health Impact Profile-14(OHIP-14) was filled before operation, 1, 6 and 12 months after operation. Repeated measurement ANOVA analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Results There was no significant difference in OHIP-14 index between delayed implantation group and immediate implantation group before operation. From pre-operation to 12 months after operation, patients in delayed implantation group had more significant relief in terms of functional limitation(P=0.029) and physiological pain(P=0.0001), compared with patients in immediate implantation group. The total score of OHIP-14 index in delayed implantation group was slightly lower than that in immediate implantation group. Conclusion Delayed implantation has slightly better effect on oral health-related quality of life than immediate implantation. It is suggested that detailed preoperative talks should be conducted before immediate implantation and psychological expectations of patients should be reduced.