大型突发性水环境污染事故法律责任追究体制构建研究

Construction of Legal Responsibility Investigation System for Large-scale Sudden Water Pollution Accidents

水环境污染事故其危害性通常较大,在发生大型水体污染时造成的相应危害不容忽视。分析了当前法律体制存在的不足,在大型水环境污染事故的法律责任追究体制中存在立法定位低、定刑标准模糊、危害评估不及时、惩罚力度过轻等问题。在法律体制层面提出对水环境污染犯罪入刑单独立法、细化量刑标准、提高惩罚力度等。分析了当前监督监管体制存在的主要问题,提出对应的解决建议。在水环境污染事故的处理上,对企业的各类资质的撤回可以作为法律责任追究的一种手段,进一步提高企业违法成本,将现有的各部门在水环境保护中的职能进行整合,统一归到环境保护部门,简化监督流程,提高监管效率。在企业生产过程中进行全程监督,从立法和司法两方面入手,可以较好地重塑对水环境污染事故的法律责任追究体制,起到保护水环境资源的目的。

The pollution accident of water environment is usually harmful,and the corresponding harm caused by the pollution of large water body cannot be ignored.The shortcomings of the current legal system are analyzed.In the investigation system of legal liability for large-scale water pollution accidents,the legislative orientation is low,the standard of punishment is vague,the assessment of harm is not timely,and the punishment is too light.At the level of legal system,the author puts forward separate legislation on the crime of water pollution,refines the standard of sentencing,and improves the punishment.This paper analyzes the main problems existing in the current supervision and supervision system,and puts forward corresponding solutions.In the treatment of water pollution accidents,the withdrawal of various types of qualifications of enterprises can be used as a means to investigate legal liability,further increase the illegal costs of enterprises,and integrate the functions of existing departments in water environment protection.This study aims to unified to the environmental protection department,simplify the supervision process and improve the efficiency of supervision.In the whole process of enterprise production supervision,in the legislative and judicial aspects,can better reshape the system of investigating the legal responsibility for water environmental pollution accidents,and play the purpose of protecting the water environment resources.