扶直抑欹以为美——莫言小说对于生命主体的一种建构方式

Portraying Beauty by Promoting the Upright and Suppressing the Crooked—A Construction of the Life Itself in Mo Yans Novels

在莫言小说中,写作者对一种以自然、健全、强旺为特征的理想生命主体表现出强烈的渴求,与此相对,关于"残缺者"的叙事成为莫言建构这种生命主体所采用的特有方式。文本中,残缺者与作为他们的另一半的女性以及相关联的男性组成一种潜隐的"比对结构",与那种健全强旺、敢爱敢恨的生命特质形成鲜明的对照。残缺者在文本结构中是从属性质的,处于叙事缝隙的,叙事的视角是相对固定的、外在的、单向度的。他们最大的功用在于成为其他人物悲苦命运的衬托,被设置为禁锢生命自由的象征,导致女性在开始身体救赎也即自我解放的同时,也开启了对传统男权秩序的挑战,并具备了即使是传统道德伦理也默认的正义性,从而在某种意义上实现了生命主体的真正建构。

Mo Yan’s novels show a strong desire for the ideal life itself as of natural,sound and prosperous.correspondently,narratives of"The Disabled"become a peculiar way of constructing this kind of figures.The disabled,together with women as the another half of them and other relatedmale characters,form an implicit comparison structure,which exhibit a sharp contrast with the healthy,strong,and brave characters.They are subordinate in the structure of the texts,portrayed only in the gaps of narration.The perspective of narration is relatively fixed,external and one-dimension.Set to be symbols of an imprisoned life,the function of these images is to set off the bitterness of the fate of other characters.Therefore,when women start to rescue their bodies,or emancipate themselves,they also begin to challenge the traditional patriarchal order.The challenge is endowed with a justness that even traditional moral ethics would give tacit consent to,so in a sense,the texts achieve the construction of women and even life itself.