论政治学理论的学科资源——中国政治学汲取了什么、贡献了什么?

On Discipline-Based Resources for Political Theories: What Chinese Political Studies Have Extracted and What Contributions They Have Made

一流政治学科的根本标志是拥有自主性政治学理论。建设政治学理论的资源来自古今中外,但只有在学科意义上,这些资源才能派得上用场,这些资源才有意义。在对标尺度上,对政治学理论创新有直接贡献的学科分别是思想史研究、历史社会学和比较政治研究,西方政治学理论仰仗于这些学科的发达。在中国,思想史研究的主要路径是"思想史中的思想"而非"历史中的思想",思想史研究还较难取得重大突破;作为检验理论真伪和发现新理论的历史社会学研究,还没有形成作者群;比较政治学一定程度上偏离了航向。因此,建设中国的一流政治学仍任重道远。

The essential sign for first-class political discipline in China is autonomous political theories.Normally,resources for political theories are from all countries and at all times;however,practically,they are not meaningful unless being interpreted under the customs of political discipline.Political theories in the West draw resources from the studies in the history of political thoughts,historical sociology,and comparative politics.So do political theories in China,but unfortunately in wrong ways.Firstly,studies in the history of political thoughts in China (and also in the West) for the most of the time treat political thought as “part of a general history of political thoughts”,rather than as “part of a particular piece of history”.So such studies can hardly make breakthrough.Secondly,China only has rare scholars of historical sociology,a sub-discipline which produced plenty of political theories and is suitable for testing political theories.Finally,studies in the comparative politics in China were carried off course from the beginning.In short,the politics discipline in China is far from being first-class and its political theories lack autonomy.