瓜菜花粉细胞学观察及活力测定概述

Summary of pollen cytological observation and vigor determination of melon and vegetable crops

植物的生长发育从花粉发育开始,对植物花粉细胞学的观察与活力测定是研究雄配子发育的工作基础。花粉的生长发育关系到瓜菜类作物自身的生活发育,花粉的活力为花粉发育、植株受精提供了保障,花粉细胞学观察为更好利用掌握花粉发育过程进而研究花调控的分子机制做准备。但影响花粉整个生长发育阶段的因素有很多,为准确地判断花粉活力以及花粉发育关系到植株育性、花芽分化、结实率、光周期等,进一步影响到分子育种及农业经济效益,因此对花粉进行活力测定与细胞学观察必不可少。笔者对葫芦科植物花粉细胞学以及活力测定方法进行了综述,重点介绍了花粉细胞学以及活力测定的方法,对各种相应的方法在蔬菜中的应用进行了总结,并对观察测定的应用进行了一定程度的展望。所介绍的观察测定方法为更好地选出适合判断西瓜、甜瓜、黄瓜等花粉活力及细胞学观察的方法提供了一定的参考,以便于开展授粉育种工作。

The growth and development of plants begins with pollen development. The study of pollen is related to the observation of plant pollen cytology and the determination of vitality is the basic work to study the development of male gametes. The growth and development of pollen is related to the life and development of melons and vegetables. The vitality of pollen provides guarantee for pollen development and fertilization of plants. Pollen cytology observation is to better utilize the pollen development process and prepare for studying the molecular mechanism of flower regulation. However, there are many factors affecting the whole growth and development stage of pollen. In order to accurately judge pollen vigor and pollen development, it is related to plant fertility, flower bud differentiation, seed setting rate, photoperiod, etc., which further affects molecular breeding and agricultural economic benefits, so pollen vitality measurements and cytological observations are essential.We summarize the application of pollen vigor and cytological methods in melons and vegetables, providing a reference for better selection of methods suitable for judging watermelon pollen vigor and cytological observation in order to carry out pollination breeding jobs.