不同施肥模式对小白菜生长及品质的影响

Effects of different fertilization modes on growth and quality in pakchoi

以‘寿宁山冬乌’为试验材料,进行化肥减量配施有机肥的试验,研究5种不同施肥模式对小白菜植株农艺性状、产量和品质的影响,旨在为菜田的合理施肥与小白菜的绿色生产提供理论依据。试验结果表明,在等氮量施用情况下,施用纯化肥的小白菜单株质量、株高、叶片长和产量均极显著高于施用有机肥和化肥各半的,但在开展度、叶片数和叶片宽等3个指标差异不显著;施用有机肥和化肥各半的还原糖和维生素C含量均高于施用纯化肥的,粗纤维和硝酸盐含量均低于施用纯化肥的,差异均达极显著水平;在3种有机肥替代化肥处理中,还原糖和维生素C含量随着有机质含量的增加而增加,而粗纤维和硝酸盐含量随着有机质含量的增加而降低。综上所述,施用纯化肥比有机肥和化肥各半在短期内更能促进小白菜的生长发育,而施用有机肥和化肥各半能显著提高其品质,且与有机质含量成正比关系。

In order to provide the theoretical basis for the reasonable fertilization of vegetable fields and the green production of pakchoi,‘Shouning Shan Dong Wu’(Brassica campestris L.) cultivar as test material, the combination of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic manure supplement was tested. the effects of 5 fertilization modes on agronomic traits, yield and quality in pakchoi were investigated. In the case of nitrogen application, the results showed that compared with combined organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer could highly significantly increased the single plant weight, plant height, leaf length and yield, but there were no significant differences among plant expansion, leaf numbers and leaf width. Treatments of combined organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer highly significantly improved the contents of reducing sugar and vitamin C and reduced the contents of crude fiber and nitrate compared with chemical fertilizer. In conclusion, pure chemical fertilizer could accelerate the growth and development of pakchoi compared with organic fertilizer in a short time, but combined organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could enhance the quality of pakchoi and it is proportional to the organic matter.