周秦至隋诗歌韵类研究的学术史梳理与评析

The Category of Poems, Songs and Rhymes in Zhou, Qin and Sui Dynasties

上古到中古的韵类研究,向来着重于《诗经》韵部的分类、音值拟测,进而排列《诗经》和中古韵书、韵图的语音对应演变关系。随着研究不断深入,学者们开始从各个时期的诗人用韵来架构多平面串连的汉语语音史。同时,也注意到部分合韵可能代表的方音特色,因此或者将诗作依诗人籍贯分类;或者依诗人活动范围整理,藉由与主流汉语相比较,得出区域的语音特色。早期这些研究在分析韵类的方法上缺少标准。80年代后开始运用"数理统计法"研究诗歌押韵,至今成果虽然不在少数,但多半集中在魏晋以下。下一项工作应是扩大"数理统计"的应用范围,从历时的角度串连各时期的韵类演变关系。

Research on rhyme categories in the archaic period and ancient times have always focused on classification and reconstruction of sound values of rhyme section of the Book of Songs and then arranged the relationship of phonetic correspondence and evolution between the Book of Songs and ancient rhyme books and rhyme charts.With the research deepened,scholars started to frame a multi-plane cascaded history of Chinese Phonetics from rhymes used by poets in different periods;meanwhile,they were ale aware of characteristics of dialects possibly represented by paired rhymes;therefore they classified literatures per region,or organized poetic works according to the native place and activity scope of poets in order to compare with mainstream Chinese to obtain southern and northern dialects and phonetic features of various regions.There is no standard for the approaches in these earlier researches to analyze the rhyme category.Since the 1980s,mathematical statistics methods were used to study the rhyme of poems and songs.Though there are lots of results so far,a majority of them are concentrated in the periods after Wei and Jin Dynasties.The next work should extend the application range of“mathematical statistics”and cascading the relationship of evolution of rhyme categories in various period from the perspective of history.