“莫兰蒂”强台风对闽南沿海马尾松林下植物多样性的影响

Effects of Srong Typhoon——“Meranti” on Plant Diversity of Undergrowth of Pinus massoniana along the Coast of Southern Fujian Province

以2016"莫兰蒂"强台风对森林生态系统的破坏为背景,通过对受害当年和第二年马尾松人工林林下植被物种组成的调查,分析台风灾害对林下植物多样性的影响。结果表明:与未受"莫兰蒂"台风影响的马尾松样地相比,在轻度、中度和重度受害的林分,当年马尾松林下草本和灌木植物种类分别增加3种、12种和20种,第二年后分别增加15种、23种和21种,林下植物种类增加较明显。中度和重度受害林分受害后当年和第二年,显著提高了林下草灌植物的Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数;轻度受害林分受害后当年林下草灌植物的丰富度指数、多样性指数变化不大或略有下降,风灾后第二年这3个指数都有明显增加;与对照相比,受害后当年马尾松林下草灌植物Pielou均匀度指数均有明显增加,而第二年增加不明显。强台风改变了林内光热条件,促进林下植物的生长更新,丰富了植物的多样性,中强度风灾影响尤为明显。

Based on the investigation of the destruction of forest ecosystem by the“Meranti”strong typhoon in 2016,the typhoon disaster was analyzed through the investigation of species composition of undergrowth of damaged vegetation of Pinus massoniana plantation in the very year and the second year.The impact on plant diversity under the forest was analyzed.Result shows that compared with Pinus massoniana plots that were not affected by the typhoon“Meranti”,the species of herbs and shrubs under the treecrown of Pinus massoniana increase by three species in the mild,moderate and severely affected forests.Species of herb plant&shrub undergrowth of Pinus massoniana increase 3,12&20 species;species of herb plant&shrub undergrowth of Pinus massoniana increase 15,23&21 species after the second year,and the plant species under the tree crowns increase significantly.In the very year and the second year after the moderate and severely damaged after hazard forests,the Margalef richness indexes,Simpson&Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes of the undergrowth plants were significantly improved;the plants under tree crowns were planted after the lightly affected forests were damaged.The richness index and the diversity index did not change much or slightly.The three indexes increased significantly in the second year after the windstorm.Compared with the control,the Pielou evenness index of the grassland plant undergrowth of Pinus massoniana increase significantly.And the increase in the second year is not obvious.The strong typhoon change the light and heat conditions in the forest,promote the growth and renewal of understory plants,enrich the diversity of plants,and the impact of medium-intensity windstorms is particularly obvious.