基于GIS的城镇河道绿地景观格局分析与评价

GIS-based Analysis and Evaluation on Urban River Green Landscape Pattern

以慈溪市2015年高空分辨率航空影像为主要数据源,借助Arc GIS10.2软件,计算出若干个景观指数,对研究区河道绿地的斑块结构、边缘密度、平均斑块分维数、斑块形状等进行分析研究,得出具体河道景观量化的指标和数据。研究结果表明,河道绿地斑块要素的面积和斑块数不均衡,其中防护绿地的斑块数、边缘密度、平均斑块分维数、面积加权的平均形状在滨水绿地斑块中占绝对优势,表明该绿地受到人为因素干扰程度较大,在今后河流绿色廊道建设中,重点加强对防护绿地斑块数量的连续性和系统性的设计;公园绿地的景观斑块平均面积最大,而边缘密度、平均斑块分维数、斑块形状相对来说各项指标比较低,表明这些斑块相互联系紧密,斑块的潜力较大,但是分布不均衡,且斑块数量太少,在今后经营管理中,增加公园绿地面积与数量,增加景观多样性,促进绿化均衡分布,有利于生物多样性保护和生态平衡。

Taking the high resolution aerial images of Cixi City in 2015 as the major data source,this paper used the ArcGIS10.2 software to calculate several landscape indices such as the patch structures,marginal density,mean patch fractal dimension(MPFD),and patch shapes,so as to conclude quantitative indicators for river landscape.The results show that the areas and numbers of patches are unbalanced.The patch numbers,marginal density,MPFD and average shape weighted by area are dominant in the waterfront greenbelt patches,suggesting a relatively greater degree of human interference.Future construction should focus on the continuity and systematicness of greenbelt patch numbers.For park greenbelt patches,the average area is the largest while their marginal density,MPFD,and patch shapes are lower,suggesting that the patches are closely connected,lack of balance in distribution and small in quantity.Future management should give full play to park greenbelt patches,increasing their areas and numbers,raising landscape diversity and promoting balanced distribution of greening for better biodiversity conservation and ecological balance.