关于后稷弃的时代问题

On the Time of Houji Named Qi

周人始祖后稷,名弃,生活在尧舜禹时代,这是几千年来人们从无异议的传统见解。近世疑古思潮勃兴,一种把后稷的时代从唐虞夏初下移到夏末商初的新说风靡学界,几成主流。此说坚信春秋时期周灵王太子晋关于从后稷弃到文王历经十五世的说法,由文王前推十五世,认为后稷弃当为夏末或商初人。其实,不窋之前周人先公代数失传,不窋之父并非后稷弃,而是弃之裔孙袭为后稷者。由于后稷除了用作当时部族联合体农官和弃部落首领之名外,亦曾为弃部落继任的首领所袭用,从而演变为不窋以上周人多代先公初创大业的时代符号。

Houji with the name of Qi(弃)is the ancestor of Zhou people living in the era of Yao(尧)Shun(舜)Yu(禹),which is the traditional view without objection for thousands of years.In recent times,the trend of historical skepticism thinking about ancient times has been flourishing.The theory firmly believes the statement of King Ling's prince Jin living in the spring and autumn period that the period from Qi to King Wen lasts for 15 generations,and believes that Houji should live in the late Xia dynasty or early Shang dynasty,which is concluded by reckoning fifteenth generations forward from King Wen.Actually,there is no historical records about the number of generations of Zhou's deceased ancestors before Bu Zhu.Bu Zhu's father is not Qi but his grandchildren who inherits the title Houji.The name is also taken over by the next leader of his tribe and finally evolves into the sign of the times of Zhoupeople's ancestors before Bu Zhu when they set out to build their cause.