548例空军青少年航空学校学生屈光度抽样调查

A Sampling Survey of the Refractive Changes in 548 Students at the Air Force Teenagers Aviation School

目的:观察空军青少年航空学校学生初中定选和高一、高二、高三4个阶段的屈光进展情况,分析空军青少年航空学校学生屈光度的变化趋势、分布情况以及可能的影响因素。方法:横断面调查研究。于2017年11-12月期间整群随机抽取空军青少年航空学校学生初三定选合格学生和高一、高二、高三学生共计567例。所有研究对象均按照《空军招收青少年航空学校学生体格检查标准》进行检查。以等效球镜度(SE)<-0.5D为近视标准。采用Kruskal-Wallis法、趋势检验、Logistic回归分析等进行统计学分析。结果:最终纳入学生548例。初中定选学生,高一、高二、高三学生的SE分别为(0.31±0.34)D(400眼),(0.20±0.39)D(320眼),(0.06±0.42)D(262眼),(-0.10±0.49)D(114眼)。4个不同阶段学生的屈光度总体差异具有统计学意义(F=43.12,P<0.001)。从初中定选至高三年级,学员的屈光度呈逐渐下降趋势(F=230.59,P<0.001),高一、高二、高三时近视率分别为0%、7.6%、21.0%,近视率呈逐年升高趋势(P<0.001)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示年龄(OR=2.42,95%CI:1.70~3.45,P<0.001)、读写距离<30cm(OR=2.80,95%CI:1.03~7.66,P=0.045)与近视存在显著相关性。结论:随着学年增加,空军青少年航空学校学生的屈光状态表现为向近视方向发展,并呈不断加深的趋势,近视率逐年增高。年龄和读写距离较小为近视可能的危险因素。

Objective:To illustrate the refractive changes and the prevalence of myopia among students in the Air Force Teenagers Aviation School during four different study periods.Methods:This was a cross-sectional investigation.Stratified cluster sampling was conducted among the students in the ultimate selection period,grade 1,grade 2 and grade 3 of high school.A total of 567 students were enrolled.All students underwent comprehensive ocular examinations.A spherical equivalent(SE)of<-0.5 D was defined as the refractive disqualification.A Kruskal-Wallis test,trend test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 548 students were enrolled after disqualifications.The SE of students in the ultimate selection,grade 1,grade 2 and grade 3 was 0.31±0.34 D(n=400 eyes),0.20±0.39 D(n=320 eyes),0.06±0.42 D(n=262 eyes),-0.10±0.49 D(n=114 eyes),respectively.The overall differences among these four time periods were statistically significant(F=43.12,P<0.001).A trend test indicated a decreasing tendency in SE from the ultimate selection stage to grade 3(F=230.59,P<0.001).The prevalence of myopia was 0%in grade 1,7.6%in grade 2,and 21.0%in grade 3.The prevalence of myopia showed a yearly tendency to increase(P<0.001).Logistic regression analysis indicated that age(OR=2.42,95%CI 1.70-3.45,P<0.001)and a reading distance less than 30 cm(OR=2.80,95%CI 1.03-7.66,P=0.045)were significantly associated with defective refraction.Conclusions:The refractive state of students in the Air Force Teenagers Aviation School shows a tendency to decrease by the year and the prevalence of myopia shows a tendency to increase by the year.Age and a shorter reading distance might be the risk factors for defective refraction.