自主水面货船研究现状与展望

Research status and prospects of autonomous surface cargo ships

船舶智能化、自主化是水路载运工具的重要发展趋势,与此同时,船舶设计、制造、运营、维护等相关领域也迎来了新一轮的挑战。基于国际海事组织(international maritime organization,IMO)提出的海事自主水面船舶(maritime autonomous surface ships,MASS)概念,对其中自主水面货船进行阐述。首先对水路载运工具进行详细分类,分析了当前自主水面货船的特点及当前的研究现状。之后提出自主水面货运船舶系统组成,思考自主水面货船在实船试验、推进方式与能源、智能航行、通信系统、航行规则等方面中面临的挑战,并直面挑战对海事自主航行水面货船未来发展及应用的多样性做出展望。

Intellectualization and autonomy of ships are important development trends of waterway vehicles.Ship design,manufacture,operation,maintenance,and other related fields have ushered in a new round of challenges.On the basis of the concept of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships proposed by the International Maritime Organization,this article elaborates on maritime autonomous surface cargo ships.First,waterway vehicles are classified in detail,and the characteristics and current research status of autonomous surface cargo ships are analyzed.The system composition of autonomous surface cargo ships is proposed,and the challenges faced by autonomous surface cargo ships are considered in aspects of ship trials,propulsion mode and energy,intelligent navigation,communication system,and navigation rules.Confronting these challenges,the future development of autonomous surface cargo ships and the diversity of its applications are predicted.