城市街旁绿地的生物多样性支持功能及其环境影响——以上海世纪大道街旁绿地鸟类研究为例

Biodiversity Supporting Services of Urban Roadside Green Spaces and the Built Environment Influences——A Case Study of Birds Along Shanghai Century Avenue

街旁绿地的休闲、美化功能及其环境设计已有大量的讨论,而生态功能尤其是生物多样性支持功能却常常被忽略。通过上海浦东世纪大道沿线街旁绿地的鸟类多样性实测调查与统计,对街旁绿地与其他对照组绿地的鸟种数量、密度和多样性进行比较,分析街旁绿地与周边绿地的鸟类物种丰富度与相似性,探讨对鸟类等物种多样性有支持功能的环境影响要素。研究结果表明:1)街旁绿地作为一种面积有限的微型绿地,可以成为鸟类等城市野生动物的庇护所和中转站,在城市绿地系统布局中应该重视该类"边角料"用地的生物多样性支持功能;2)干扰边界比例和首层乔木退界率对街旁绿地的鸟类物种多样性具有一定的影响,尽可能降低周边人工环境对生物的干扰是提升街旁绿地生物多样性的主要路径。研究为街旁绿地的生态功能及其环境影响提供了新的研究视角,研究结论可为设计、建设和管理城市生物友好型街旁绿地提供科学依据和方法,也为进一步探讨街旁绿地在高密度城市生态绿网中的生物"踏脚石"作用机制奠定基础。

There have been a lot of discussions on the leisure and beautification functions and environmental designs of urban roadside green spaces,but their ecological functions,especially the biodiversity supporting services,are often overlooked.This paper analyzes the richness and similarity of bird species in roadside and surrounding green spaces,to explore the built environment influencing factors that can support the diversity of bird species,by surveys in roadside green spaces along the Century Avenue in Pudong New District,Shanghai,and comparing the numbers,density and diversity of bird species between roadside green spaces and the surrounding green spaces.The results show that 1)As small scale green patches,the roadside green spaces can act as shelters and transit stations for birds and other urban wildlife.So in the layout of urban green space system,we should pay attention to the biodiversity supporting services of such“leftover”spaces.2)Disturbance/interaction edge ratio and setback rate of the first row of trees can have certain influence on the avian diversity of the roadside green spaces,thus minimizing the disturbance of surrounding artificial environment to the wildlife is the main way to enhance the biodiversity of the roadside green spaces.The paper provides a new perspective for the studies of the ecological functions of urban roadside green spaces and the built environment influences on them.The findings can provide scientific basis and methods for the design,construction and management of urban bio-friendly roadside green spaces.They also lay a solid foundation for further exploration of the biological“stepping stone”function mechanism of roadside green spaces in the high density urban ecological green network.