加入合作社促进了家庭农场选择环境友好型生产方式吗?——以化肥、农药减量施用为例

Do Cooperatives Promote Family Farms to Choose Environmental-friendly Production Practices? An Empirical Analysis of Fertilizers and Pesticides Reduction

在资源环境约束趋紧的背景下,家庭农场能否以及如何促进农业可持续发展成为亟待回答的重大现实问题。本文以化肥和农药减量施用行为为例,利用全国家庭农场监测数据并基于计量分析模型构建"反事实"分析框架,估计了加入合作社对家庭农场化肥和农药减量施用概率的平均处理效应。本文研究发现:减量施用化肥和农药的家庭农场占比目前还比较低;加入合作社对家庭农场选择环境友好型生产方式能够起到积极效果,与不加入合作社相比,加入合作社能够使家庭农场化肥和农药减量施用概率分别提高43.3%和43.7%;另外,从合作社获得的服务或福利差异在一定程度上能够解释不同家庭农场加入合作社对其选择环境友好型生产方式概率的处理效应差异。

Under the background of resource and environment constraints, whether and how family farms can coordinate the sustainable development of agriculture and environment have become major practical problems. Taking the fertilizers and pesticides reduction behavior as an example, this article uses the national monitoring data of family farms and builds a “counterfactual” framework based on an econometric analysis model to evaluate the treatment effects of cooperatives on the probability of fertilizers and pesticides reduction. The study finds that the proportion of family farms that reduce the application of fertilizers and pesticides is still low. Cooperatives have positive impacts on the adoption of environmental-friendly production practices. Compared with non-members, cooperative members can increase the probability of fertilizers and pesticides reduction by 43.3% and 43.7%, respectively. In addition, differences in services and benefits obtained from cooperatives can partly explain family farms’ different treatment effects of joining cooperatives. Finally, the study provides three policy suggestions.