公共服务的理论认知与中国语境

The Theoretical Cognition and Chinese Context of Public Service

"公共服务"是近20年来在中国公共政策和学术研究中出现的关键词和高频词,但人们对其概念的解读却存在本质属性表述不一、形式属性表达不清和外延范围表达不准等认知迷茫,并由此导致公共服务政策的指向模糊和学术研究中的是非论争。究其原因,在于我们忽略了不同语境塑造了公共服务内涵外延的复杂性和多变性。要破解对公共服务的认知迷茫,关键在于对中国场景中公共服务的文化语境与情景语境进行比较辨识,尤其要深入剖析不同语境下公共服务的内涵转换;并且要跨越学科藩篱,从价值、功能、过程、结果四个维度揭示公共服务公共性的本质属性,从历史文化语境、认知文化语境、泛指情景语境、特指情景语境四个场域辨析公共服务的特有属性,从过程、结果两个层次把握公共服务的形式属性,构建具有中国特色的公共服务话语体系。

Public service has been one of the keywords which frequently appear in both public policy making and academic research in China during the past 20 years.Nevertheless,the understanding of this concept remains confusing,due to ambiguous interpretation of essential attributes,unclear explanation of formal attributes and inaccurate definition of expression scope,which leads to the ambiguity in policy-making of public service and the controversy in academic research.The critical reason is that we neglect the diversity and complexity of connotation and extension of public service caused by specific contexts of different countries.To solve this confusion,the key solution is to identify the cultural context and situational context of public service,especially to analyze the connotation transformation of public service in Chinese contexts.Moreover,it is crucial to break through the barriers between different disciplines,to reveal the essential attributes of public service from the four dimensions of value,function,process and outcome,to distinguish the specific attributes of public service from four fieldsincluding historical and cultural context,cognitively cultural context,general situational context and specific situational context,to unfold the formal attributes of public service from the of process and result,and to construct the discourse system of public service with Chinese characteristics.