村民自治实践创新30年:有效治理的视角

Research on the Villagers' Self-governance Innovation in the Past 30 Years from the Perspective of Effective Governance

自1987年《中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法(试行)》颁布实施30多年来,村民自治在四个民主和自治体制等方面不断创新。21世纪特别是近10年来,村民自治实践进入到一个新的历史阶段;国家治理对村民自治提出更高要求,特别是在村民自治实践机制方面。正因如此,村民自治不能仅限于自治实践,应扩展到乡村社会有效治理之中。从有效治理角度审视30多年来的村民自治创新实践特别是运行机制创新,成绩斐然,在保障性、表达性、决策性、制约性、协调性和协同性机制等方面,均有长足发展,但一些机制有待发展和建设,一些机制如动力性机制非常缺乏。在村民自治有效实现研究方面虽然有一些代表性的观点,整体来看仍然局限于治理的某个方面,主要是实践创新的经验总结,且主要以村民自治有效实现为目标。为此,我们既要继续关注现实中的村民自治实践创新,也要从国家治理和有效治理角度继续探讨村民自治实践创新及实现形式。

Villagers'self-governance has been constantly innovating in four democratic and systems from 1987.In the new century,especially in the recent 10 years,the practice of villagers'self-governance has entered a new historical stage.At the same time,the state governance puts forward higher requirements,especially in the practical mechanism.For these reasons,villagers'self-governance can not be limited to practice of self-governance,but should be extended to effective governance.From the perspective of effective governance,the innovative practice of villagers self-governance over the past 30 years,especially the innovation of operation mechanism,has made remarkable achievements.It has made great progress in the aspects of assured,expressive,decision-making,restrictive and coordinative mechanism.However,some mechanisms still need to be developed and constructed,and some such as dynamic are very lacking.Although there are some research viewpoints,they are still limited to one part of aspects or the summary of practical and innovative experience,and mainly aiming at the effective realization of villagers'self-governance,in particularly there are some shortcomings.Therefore,we should not only continue to pay attention to the practical innovation,but also continue to explore the practical innovation and realization from the perspective of national governance and effective governance.