研发投入对中国区域全要素生产率的影响研究——基于DEA-Tobit模型

Research on the Impact of R&D Input on TFP in China's Region——Based on DEA-Tobit Model

研发投入不仅有利于积累知识资本,还可以为经济增长注入新的活力。进入21世纪以来,中国研发投入大量增长,已成为研发投入大国,研发投入对全要素生产率的影响成为研究的热点。作者以1998～2015年29个省份的面板数据为基础,运用DEA-Tobit模型测算了全要素生产率、技术进步和技术效率以及研发投入对全要素生产率、技术进步和技术效率的影响。研究表明:(1)全要素生产率的增长来源主要是技术进步,技术效率阻碍了全要素生产率的提高,无论是在区域还是在省份之间,全要素生产率的增长是不平衡的;(2)在全国层面,研发投入显著提高全要素生产率和促进技术进步,在区域层面,研发投入对东中西三大区域的全要素生产率、技术进步和技术效率的影响存在异质性;(3)污染排放对全要素生产率、技术进步和技术效率具有抑制作用。加大中西部区域的研发投入力度,提高东部区域的研发投入使用效率,将有效提高全要素生产率。

Research and Development input not only increases intellectual capital but also boosts economic growth. Since the 21 st century,China has become a big country of R&D input. The influence of R&D input on TFP has become a hot spot of research. This paper selected the regional panel data of 29 provinces from 1998 to 2015 to evaluate the TFP,technical changes and technical efficiency by DEA-Tobit model. The results show that:( 1) The main sources of TFP growth is technical change,and technical inefficiency hampers the improvement of TFP. TFP growth is imbalanced in regions or provinces.( 2) At the national level, R&D input significantly improves the growth of TFP and technical progress,while at the regional level,the influences of R&D input on the TFP,technical progress and technical efficiency differ in three major areas.( 3) Pollution emissions hinder the growth of TFP,technical progress and technical efficiency. Increasing R&D input in the central and western regions and improving the efficiency of R&D input in the eastern area will effectively increase the TFP.