中国经济增长的结构性质及其转型

Structural Nature and Transformation of China's Economic Growth

结构转型是增长的独立源泉,中国自改革以来的长期高速增长即得益于结构的快速转型,但目前面临劳动生产率下降、城乡"双失业"并存和制造业竞争力持续减弱的困境。其原因在于要素供给刚性带来的劳动力转移滞后于产业转换以及产业结构刚性带来的产业高级化呆滞,这些均源于过于强调发挥比较优势的投资驱动所致。政策转变的方向应是从强调投资转向促进人力资本投资,注重体制机制创新和技术创新。

Since the reform and opening-up, the transformation of China’s economic structure has promoted the enduring and speedy growth of China’s economy. However, it has also given rise to a dilemma manifest in low labor productivity, high unemployment rate in rural and urban areas and declining manufacturing competitiveness. The reason lies in the fact that the process of labor transfer lags behind that of industrial transition and that structural rigidity tends to bring about industrial stagnation. Considering the above facts, we find that the root cause lies in excessively emphasizing the comparative advantages that has led to an investment-driven growth pattern. Therefore, it is concluded that the policy should shift from the prior and existing investment-driven growth pattern to one that stresses human capital investment and pays great attention to institutional and technological innovations.