早期斯图亚特王朝实行鬻爵政策的原因分析

An Analysis of the Reasons Behind the Policy of Buying and Selling Titles in the Early Stuart Dynasty

早期斯图亚特王朝统治时期,国王统治范围与领域日益扩大,所需求的资金大大增加,但是原有的财政收入体制并没有跟上统治领域与范围扩大的步伐,特别是未能建立起正常的征税制度,使得财政遇到极大困难。与此同时,一批新兴的工商业者以及乡绅,他们要求获得更高的社会地位,但都铎朝统治者却奉行吝啬的封爵政策,使得他们对于荣誉和地位的渴求不能得到及时满足。缓解财政危机,获得更多人的支持,成为斯图亚特王朝统治者实行卖官鬻爵政策的重要原因。

In the early Stuart Dynasty,the scope and domain of the king’s rule were expanding day by day,and the capital needed was greatly increased.However,the original fiscal revenue system did not keep up with the pace of the expansion of the scope and domain of his rule.At the same time,a group of emerging industrialists and gentry demanded higher social status,but the Tudor rulers pursued a miserly feudal policy,which made their thirst for honor and status not satisfied in time.Easing the financial crisis and gaining more people’s support became an important reason for the Stuart rulers to practice the policy of buying and selling titles.