从“意义混乱”到“意义重构”——从1949年来木版年画的发展看“非遗”生产性保护中的意义转换

From "the Confusion of Meaning" to "the Reconstruction of Meaning" :Analysis of Meaning Conversion in Productive Protection from the Development of Woodcut New Year Pictures since 1949

人们习惯于将手工艺类非物质文化遗产视为意义固定的事物,忽视其本身意义变迁的动态过程,从而引发对于生产性保护中文化本真性等问题的争议。而在非物质文化遗产的传承、保护和开发的实践过程中,其意义的转换是不可避免的。通过对木版年画意义变迁的动态过程和"意义混乱"现象进行考察,来探讨生产性保护中的"意义重构"问题,认为只有建构良好的文化生态环境,重构为生产者、消费者和文化精英所共享的、整体性的新意义,才能在生产性保护过程中产生"合力",让"见人见物见生活"的非物质文化遗产保护理念成为现实。

People often regard the handicraft intangible cultural heritage as something with fixed meanings and ignore the dynamic process of its own meaning change,which leads to the controversy about the cultural authenticity in the productive protection.Meaning conversion is inevitable in the process of inheritance,protection and development of intangible cultural heritage.By investigating the dynamic process of meaning conversion of woodcut New Year pictures and the phenomenon of "confusion of meaning",this paper probes into meaning reconstruction in productive protection,holding that only by constructing a good cultural and ecological environment,and by reconstructing the whole new meaning shared by the producers,consumers and elite intellectuals,can the true beauty and significance of theintangible cultural heritage be appreciated.