阿尔都塞论马克思与黑格尔辩证法的差异

Althusser's Point of View on Difference of Marx' and Hegel's Dialectics

马克思与黑格尔辩证法的关系问题一直是学术界争论不休的重要论题。通行的观点将马克思对黑格尔辩证法的变革简单地归结为内容上的"颠倒"或形式上的"扬弃"。在阿尔都塞看来,这类观点的具体内容虽有所区别,但实质上却都是从理论血缘关系上强调了马克思与黑格尔之间的内在联系。他以结构主义的方法对二者辩证法进行了剖析,提出了这样的观点:黑格尔建构的是一元决定的简单辩证法,马克思则是多元决定的结构辩证法,两者间的差异是本质性的。阿尔都塞的这一研究范式为研究马克思辩证法乃至其全部思想开启了新的视角。

The relation between Marx' and Hegel's dialectics is always a vexed and important question in academia. A prevailing point of view simply summarizes the reform of Marx to Hegel's dialectic by upside down in content and the sublation of form. In Althusser's View, Although the concrete contents of these points are different, but in essence all of them emphasize the inner connection between Marx and Hegel in the theoretical blood relationship. He dissects both dialectics by the Structuralism way, and reveals such a fact: Hegel built the dialectic by unitary determination, but Marx's dialectic is by multi-determination, the difference between them is essential. Althusser's research paradigm provides a new perspective for Marx's dialectic and even for all theoretical research.