不同矮化中间砧对“长富2号”苹果生长特性及早果性的影响

Effect of Different Dwarfed Interstocks on the Growth Characteristics and Precocity of M. pumila 'Changfu 2'

为筛选在甘肃陇东地区适合长富2号树体生长的矮化中间砧,克服富士苹果幼树结果晚、丰产晚的缺点,2016-2017a,以中间砧M26为对照,试验采用随机区组设计,单株小区,研究了10种不同矮化中间砧对长富2号幼树树体生长特性及早花早果性的影响。结果表明,以SH1和SCI为中间砧时,能有效地控制树体、提早开花结果,丰产性强,4年生树平均单株产量均达10.0kg左右,折合成666.7m2产量为1000.0kg以上。抗逆性和适应性优于M26,可在甘肃陇东地区及类似生态区域推广应用。

Objective: to screen appropriate dwarfed interstocks with M. pumila ‘Changfu 2’ in longdong Gansu, we investigated the growth characteristic and early fruit habits of M. pumila ‘Changfu 2’grafted on the ten kinds of different dwarfed interstocks, evaluated the effect of dwarfed interstocks on the botanical characteristic of M. pumila ‘Changfu 2’. Methods: we planted dwarfed interstocks seedlings( M. pumila ‘Changfu 2’/ten kinds of dwarfed interstocks/ Malus sieversii(Lebeb.)Roem.) in the spring of 2013.The tested materials of dwarfed interstocks are M26, M9, T337, M7, JM7, SH1, SH6, SH38, SCI and ‘Liaozhen 2’ respectively. Orchard plant row spacing was 2 m by 4 m. The tree structure was slender spindles, the pollination varieties ware Golden century, randomized block design was used and we used interstocks M26 as comparison. Respectively in June and October of 2016 and 2017, we surveyed and measured cold resistant and dwarf related indicators, such as tree height, trunk diameter and proportion of branches, et al. Results: insterstocks (SH1and SCI) could make Fuji apple tree dwarf significantly and promote the early flowering and early fruiting as well as high yield. Fruit setting rate of three years old apple trees was above 80%;the average individual yield was 10.0 kg;the average output of Fuji apple per unit of land was more than 1000 kg. The tree had strong adaptability to environment, resistance and adaptability than M26. It had application value in Longdong Gansu.