晚清常熟静圃园林植物应用探析

Analysis of Plants Application in Jing Garden in Changshu in the Late Qing Dynasty

文人园林营建过程中,园居植物的获取、选择、栽培以及品赏亦是一个较为复杂而必备的过程。江南常熟静圃(现名赵园)为晚清文人赵烈文所建。通过分析赵烈文撰写的《能静居日记》,并结合其他史料考证,在当时沿袭的文人审美标准下对同治四年至光绪十三年静圃中的植物应用过程及方式进行阐释,旨在获得关于晚清时期江南文人园林植物的历史性认识:静圃建园过程中植物主要通过苏州花肆购买、友人间赠送以及与种树人直接交易等方式获取;园中植物虽以地景、盆景区分,但种类选择与高濂、文震亨、李渔等给出的品赏范围并无明显差异;在定期维护的基础上,须保证后园可四时赏花,其中以春桃、夏荷、秋菊、冬梅为最,且植物的实用功能一直被延续。

In the process of scholar garden construction, the purchase, selection, planting and appreciation of garden plants are complicated and necessary processes. Jing Garden, which is named Zhao Garden now, in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, was built by the literati Zhao Liewen in the late Qing Dynasty. By analyzing Zhao's diary, The Diary of Nengjing Dwelling , and other historical materials, this paper attempts to interpret the application process and mode of plants in Jing Garden from the 4 th year of the reign of Emperor Tongzhi to the 13 th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxuin Qing Dynasty under the literati's common aesthetic standard. The paper is aimed at obtaining some historical understandings about the plants in Jiangnan scholar garden in the late Qing Dynasty: the plants mainly come from purchase in Suzhou flower market, presents from friends and directly transactions with planters;the plants in the garden are distinguished by ground planting and potted landscape, but the species selection has no significant difference from the varieties given by Gao Lian, Wen Zhenheng and Li Yu's books, on the basis of regular maintenance, it is necessary to ensure that flowers in garden can be admired at each of four seasons, among which peach blossom, lotus, chrysanthemum, plum are the most cherished beauties, and the practical functions of plants has been continued.