人工智能对侵权责任构成要件的挑战及应对

The Challenge of Artificial Intelligence to the Constitutive Elements of Tort Liability and Its Countermeasures

人工智能技术给市场经济注入新动力的同时,也导致了人工智能侵权现象的逐渐增多。为了缓解新技术发展与受害者保护之间的利益冲突,侵权责任法需要及时作出回应。人工智能对侵权责任法的冲击,集中体现在对责任构成要件的重新审视。在弱人工智能时代,当前侵权责任法依然是人工智能侵权的重要维权依据,但在侵权归类以及归责原则两方面却受到冲击。在强智能时代,主体地位和责任证明将会成为问题焦点。从人工智能侵权特点出发,进一步厘清其对侵权责任构成体系的冲击表现,然后提出区别对待归责、行政监管体制、商业保险与智能基金、免责事由等多维度的应对措施。

Artificial intelligence technology has injected new impetus into market economy,at the same time,it has also led to the increasing infringement of artificial intelligence.In order to alleviate the conflict of interest between the development of new technology and the protection of victims,tort liability law needs to respond in a timely manner.The impact of AI on tort liability law is mainly reflected in the re-examination of the elements of liability.In the era of weak AI,tort liability law is still an important basis for AI tort protection,but it has been impacted on the classification of tort and the principle of liability attribution.In the era of strong intelligence,subject status and burden of proof will become the focus of the problem.Starting from the characteristics of AI infringement,this paper further clarifies its impact on the infringement liability system,and then puts forward multi-dimensional countermeasures such as different treatment of imputation,administrative supervision system,commercial insurance and intelligent fund,and exemption.