马斯洛需求层次理论对简·爱故事的解读

An Analysis of Jane Eyre's Life Stories from the Perspective of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory

本文尝试用美国社会心理学家马斯洛的需求层次理论对英国小说家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的小说《简·爱》的女主人公的成长故事进行解读,分析其在命运各个阶段的行为以及作为相应动机的生理需求、安全需求、归属感和爱的需求、尊重需求、以及自我实现需求。简·爱这位遭受了生活种种不公平待遇却不屈不挠地成长起来,追求自由、独立和幸福的女孩,其背后支撑她的强大的动力来自不同层次的需求。简有时候并没有意识到这些需求的存在,有时候却很清楚自己的需求,但不管怎样这些需求都推动着简的行为。

This paper analyzes the heroine's life stories in the English novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte with the Hierarchy of Needs Theory proposed and developed by American social psychologist Maslow,with the aim of finding out the physiological needs,safety needs,belongingness and love needs,esteem needs and self-actualization needs as the motivation for Jane's behaviour in different situations.Jane Eyre,who encounters lots of hardships of life but never gives up her pursuit of freedom,independence,and happiness,is supported to move forward by her own different needs,although sometimes she consciously knows the existence of her needs.