重型颅脑损伤患者发生肺部感染的危险因素分析与护理对策

Analysis of risk factors and nursing strategies for pulmonary infection in patients with severe craniocerebral injury

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤发生肺部感染的危险因素及护理对策。方法选取2016年1月至2017年12月我院收治的重型颅脑损伤患者80例作为研究对象,采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析确定影响重型颅脑损伤患者发生肺部感染的危险因素,并采取护理干预措施。结果单因素分析结果显示,年龄、基础疾病、使用抗菌素、昏迷、使用呼吸机、气管切开、住院时间等是患者肺部感染的影响因素,logistic回归分析显示,年龄、昏迷、呼吸机、气管切开为影响患者发生肺部感染的独立危险因素。结论通过对重症颅脑损伤患者在ICU诊疗护理期间发生肺部感染危险因素的分析,提示护理人员采取保持呼吸道通畅、医护人员严格执行无菌操作原则与消毒隔离措施、给予患者足够的营养、提高患者抵抗力等综合防范措施,能控制肺部感染的发生。

Objective To explore the risk factors and nursing strategies for pulmonary infection in patients with severe craniocerebral injury. Methods To select 80 cases of patients with severe craniocerebral injury who were admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 as the study subjects. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with severe craniocerebral injury, and nursing interventions were taken. Results Univariate analysis showed that age, underlying disease, use of antibiotics, coma, use of ventilator, tracheotomy, and length of hospital stay were factors influencing pulmonary infection in patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, coma, ventilator, and tracheotomy were independent risk factors affecting pulmonary infection in patients. Conclusion Through the analysis of the risk factors of pulmonary infection in patients with severe craniocerebral injury during ICU diagnosis and treatment, it can suggest the nursing staff to take up comprehensive preventive measures such as keeping the airway unobstructed, strict enforcement of the aseptic operation principle as well as disinfection and isolation measures of medical staff, enough nutrition for patients, and improvement of patients' immunity. It can control the occurrence of lung infections.