精确制导自动目标识别智能化的挑战与思考

Challenges and Thinking for the Precision Guidance ATR Intelligentization

精确制导系统是利用弹载精确探测装置在复杂战场环境中发现、识别和跟踪目标,利用惯性技术和/或信息支援保障获取弹体自身和所要打击的各种目标的位置和运动信息,控制和导引制导武器准确命中目标的系统。自20世纪70年代正式提出精确制导概念以来,经过40多年的发展,精确制导系统和技术的发展取得了巨大的进步和成就,精确制导武器在现代高技术战争中的作用和地位也在持续提高。随着精确制导系统面临的战场环境的复杂化和目标特性的不确定性程度的提高,精确制导系统与技术的发展也面临着越来越大的挑战。弹载自动目标识别技术是使导弹适应复杂多变的战场环境和激烈博弈的对抗条件下精确打击各类目标的关键技术之一,也是精确制导技术领域长期以来重点研究的一个方向,但由于复杂战场环境下的自动目标识别、决策要求智能程度较高,尽管几十年来一直在努力通过提升自动目标识别的智能化水平,来使精确制导系统在复杂战场环境和宽范围变化的目标特性条件下具有稳健的性能,弹载自动目标识别问题仍然没有得到很好的解决。本文介绍了精确制导自动目标识别智能化的发展进程,分析了当前精确制导自动目标识别智能化所面临的挑战,对精确制导自动目标识别智能化的发展给出了一些粗浅的看法。

Precision guidance system uses missile-borne precise detection device to detect, recognize and track target in complex battlefield environment, uses inertial technology and/or information support system to obtain the position and motion information of the missile itself and various targets intended to eneage, as well as guides and controls the missile to hit the target accurately.Since the advent of laser semi-active homing guidance technology and the concept of precision guidance formally put forward in 1970s, precision guided technology has gone through 40 years of development. The scheme, theory, method, technology and application of the precision guidance system have been greatly developed. In recent years, with the raising of the effectiveness and status of precision guided weapons in the modern high-technology war, the development of precision guidance system has made outstanding achievements. Because the targets, environment and mission of the precision guidance system have been changed significantly, the complexity of the battlefield environment and the uncertainty of the target characteristics bring new challenges to the development of precision guidance systems and technology. To make the missile adapt to the complex and varying battlefield environment and engage various targets accurately, the concept of intelligent missile and the intelligentization of precision guidance system based on artificial intelligence technology is put forward. However, although this concept has been put forward for many years. The development of the existing precision guidance system still suffers from the lag of the capability of intelligentization. There is still no good solution to the problem of automatic target recognition and decision making in complex battlefield environment with high intelligence. It is difficult to meet the requirement to adapt to the complex and varying battlefield environment and to engage various targets accurately under the fierce countermeasure conditions. Focusing on the precise guidance automatic target recognition, this paper introduces the development process of the intelligent precision guidance ATR system, analyzes the challenges faced by the current precision guidance ATR system’s intelligentization, and gives some superficial views on the development of the intelligent ATR.